The body is comprised of several vein systems, the two most notable being the superficial vein system and the deep vein system. Superficial veins lie close to the skin and can be easily seen and felt.Deep veins are embedded deep in the body’s muscles and pump the majority of the body’s blood. In the deep vein, blood is circulated and pumped by the calf muscles up against gravity towards the heart with the help of muscles and tiny door-like parts called valves. Valves prevent blood from flowing backwards. When however, a valve is not functioning properly, blood can pool or flow backwards, causing veins to become weak, stretched, and damaged. This scenario can lead to varicose veins.
The word varicose is taken from the Latin root verix, meaning “twisted”, an appropriate name because varicose veins do indeed appear twisted, as well as gnarled, dark in color, and enlarged. Varicose veins are a common complaint in the United States, most commonly among women. They are most commonly developed in the legs, where veins are most susceptible to pressure from standing and walking. There are three major types of varicose veins:
– Trunk varicose veins: Common varicose veins that develop in superficial veins and appear long and unattractive;
– Telangiectasia varicose veins: Also referred to as “spider veins”, these are tiny groups of blood vessels that spread out like threads;
– Reticular varicose veins; Small, flat veins blue in color.
Varicose veins are normally much easier to see in thin persons than overweight ones, where layers of fat can hide the unsightly veins. Varicose veins are unsightly but generally harmless. For some however, varicose veins can cause discomfort, and may indicate other circulatory problems.
Who is at Risk?
Certain persons are at an increased risk for developing varicose veins. If any of these scenarios apply to you, you may have a higher chance of the development of varicose veins:
– You are overweight: The additional weight of an obese or overweight person puts added pressure on veins;
– You are older: As age increases, so does the likelihood of veins and valves to become weak or damaged, which leads to varicose veins’
– You are a woman or a pregnant woman: The weight of an unborn baby in a pregnant woman, as well as the secretion of certain hormones during pregnancy and menstruation that relax vein walls, significantly contribute to the development of varicose veins in women;
– You stand or sit for extended periods: The pressure and poor blood circulation that result from extended periods of standing and sitting can eventually lead to varicose veins.
Additionally, if you experience symptoms such as aching, throbbing, burning, muscle cramping, inflammation, or a feeling of heaviness in your legs, you may be developing varicose veins.
Can Varicose Veins be Treated?
Because varicose veins are rarely harmful, any treatment of a varicose vein is usually for cosmetic reasons. There are several treatment paths to take if a person is considering taking care of their varicose veins:
– Support hose, which help blood circulate and may help ease any aching;
– Surgery
– Injections
– Laser treatment
The types of surgeries, injections, and laser treatments are extensive and varied, and can be discussed with a doctor, who will help their patient find the best treatment option for their needs.
Occasionally, a varicose vein condition may be complicated by the development ulcers on the skin at the sight of the vein. These ulcers are painful and are sometimes preceded by brown discoloration on the skin. Immediate medical attention is required if a person develops one of these ulcers.
Can Varicose Veins be Prevented?
You may not always be able to prevent varicose veins from ever developing, but these preventative measures may reduce your risk:
– Don’t cross your legs;
– Exercise frequently to maintain good blood circulation;
– Lose excess weight;
– Exercise your legs regularly during extended periods of sitting or standing;
– Avoid clothing that fits tightly around the waist or legs;
– Wear shoes with low heels, which encourage the use of calf muscles;
– Wear support hose to encourage good circulation;
– Try to keep the legs elevated when resting.